Motivation and Emotion

Motivation and Emotion 

I. MOTIVATION refers to the aspect of behavior that deals with understanding why human being behave the way they do. The word MOTIVE comes from the Latin word MOVERA which means to move.

Theories of Motivation

1.Instinct theory
 - people are motivated to behave in certain ways because they are evolutionary programmed to do so.
2. Incentive theory
  - people sure motivated to do things because of external rewards.
3. Drive theory
    -people are motivated to take certain actions in order to reduce the internal tension that is caused by unmet needs.
4. Arousal theory
    -people take certain actions to either decrease or increase levels of arousal
5. Humanistic theory
   - people also strong cognitive reasons to perform various action

An example of Humanistic Theory of Motivation by Abraham Maslow
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Classification of Motivation

1. Psychological or biological drives
• Hunger
• Thirst
• Oxygen need
• Fatigue
• Sleep
• Avoidance of pain
• Elimination
• Sex
• Material drive
• Warmth and cold
2. Social or psychological drives
• parent-child
• peer group
• competence or achievement 

II. Emotion came from the Latin verb  “emovere” which means –to stir up, agitate, upset or move-

Theories of Emotion
1.  The James-Lange Theory
- an event or stimulus causes a physiological arousal  without any interpretation or conscious thought, and you experience the resulting emotion only after you interpret the physical response.
2. The Cannon-Bard theory
- the given stimulus evokes both a physiological and an emotional response simultaneously and that neither one causes the other.
3. The Schechter-Singer Theory
- an event causes psychological arousal, but that you must then identify a reason for the arousal before the emotion
4. The Lazarus Theory
- when an event occurs, a cognitive appraisal is made (either consciously or sub consciously) and based on the result of that appraisal, an emotion and physiological response follow.

Classification of Emotion
A. Wheel model
Plutchik believes that emotion have 4 dimensions:
• Positive or negative
• The primary or mixed
• Polar opposites
• Vary intensity

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B. Two-Dimensional Approach
There are two broad dimensions of emotional experiences
1. Positive affects (PA)
    - refers to the emotions such as joy, happiness, love & interest
2. Negative affects (NA)
    -refers to the emotions such as sadness, anger and guilt.

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Emotional Intelligence (EQ)

- the ability to perceive emotions, to access and generate emotions so as to assist thought, to understand emotion and emotional knowledge and reflectively regulate emotion so as to promote emotional and intellectual growth.

-refers to the effectiveness of an individual’s response to his or her own feelings or emotions and to those of others (Goleman)

• Components of Emotional Intelligence

1. Self-awareness 

-A person with self-awareness knows his feelings and based on this emotions can make decisions well.

2. Managing moods

- people who are able to delay their gratification.

 3. Motivation

- refers to the ability to remain optimistic and persistent in spite of setbacks and rejections.

4. Empathy

- involves sensing what others feel even without being told.

5. Social skill

- means “being good at handling conflict and emotional upset in a relationship.”